Oil and grease remain the dominant contaminants in the palm oil mill effluent (POME) despite the conventional treatment of POME. The removal of residual oil from palm oil-water mixture (POME model) using the progressive freezing process was investigated. An optimization technique called response surface methodology (RSM) with the design of rotatable central composite design was applied to figure out the optimum experimental variables generated by Design-Expert software (version 6.0.4. Stat-Ease, trial version). Besides, RSM also helps to investigate the interactive effects among the independent variables compared to one factor at a time. The variables involved are coolant temperature, XA (4-12 °C), freezing time, XB (20-60 min), and circulation flow, XC (200-600 rpm). The statistical analysis showed that a two-factor interaction model was developed using the obtained experimental data with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9582. From the RSM-generated model, the optimum conditions for extraction of oil from the POME model were a coolant temperature of 6 °C in 50 min freezing time with a circulation flowrate of 500 rpm. The validation of the model showed that the predicted oil yield and experimental oil yield were 92.56 and 93.20%, respectively.An approach to controlling morphology and size is presented through the combination of laser-induced nucleation and polymer additives. Here, we apply the technique of non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation to irradiate a supersaturated solution (S = 1.15) of cesium chloride (CsCl). The solution immediately responds to laser exposure, and spherical crystallites are produced along the laser pathway. The crystals gradually grow into snowflake-like crystals with different sizes. In this report, two types of acidic polymers including polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) and polyaspartic acid (PASA) were individually added in supersaturated CsCl solution to shape its crystalline morphology; we found that a particular property of this control from PESA is uniformity in modification of crystal sizes. Additionally, we observed that both PESA and PASA were able to decrease crystal growth velocity and the quantity of crystals after laser irradiation. With the effect of more than 0.2 wt % PESA in solution, spherical crystallites were initially induced by laser; after that, crystal growth velocities and sizes became slower and smaller with increase in mass fraction of PESA, which led to identical crystal sizes. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/b102-parp-hdac-in-1.html With the effect of more than 5 wt % PESA, the resulting crystalline morphology obtained by laser was flower-like crystals, whilst cuboid-shaped crystals could be obtained by spontaneous nucleation. Classical nucleation theory, crystal growth rate, and additives as large-size impurities were discussed to analyze the underlying mechanism of the change in morphology.Here, we report our findings related to the structural and photocatalytic considerations that influence the speed of electron-hole separation in semiconductor photocatalysis in the presence of reduced graphene oxide. A comparison of the exterior properties required for the degradation of the dye methylene blue and drug amoxicillin (C16H19N3O5S) as a probe by the synthesized photocatalyst reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/TiO2 nanowire with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide; TiO2 alone reveals that TiO2 is significantly influenced by three factors (1) rGO interactions with TiO2 in terms of electron and hole transfer, (2) mode of reduction strategies adopted for reducing graphene oxide, and (3) production of OH? by the catalyst used. This work provides a thorough insight into the smooth, encouraging, and environment-friendly way developed for synthesizing reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The indigo dye-stimulated visible-light reduction methodology not only gives us an easy light-assisted reduction technique but also leads to new ways to get photoactive carbon-based titania semiconductor nanocomposites. Inspired by advances taking place in materials science as well as nanotechnology, we sought to develop improved photocatalytic materials by modifications to anatase TiO2 through which opportunities to improve the performance of photocatalytic pollutant treatment may emerge.A two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet, as a new type of inorganic material with high hydrophobicity and excellent physicochemical stability, holds great application potential in the preparation of a high separation performance organic-inorganic hybrid membrane. In this work, high hydrophobic MoS2 was embedded in hydrophobic polyether copolymer block amide (PEBA) to prepare PEBA/MoS2 organic-inorganic hybrid membranes. The structure, morphology, and hydrophobicity of the hybrid membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle goniometry, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy analysis, and atomic force microscopy. The effect of embedding of MoS2 on the swelling degree and pervaporation separation performance of the PEBA/MoS2 hybrid membrane was studied with a 1.0 wt % pyridine dilute solution. The results indicated that with increasing the MoS2 content, the separation factor of PEBA/MoS2 increased first and then decreased, while it showed a downward trend in the permeation flux. When the MoS2 content in the PEBA/MoS2 hybrid membrane was 10.0 wt %, the permeation flux was 83.4 g m-2 h-1 (decreased by 21.5% compared with the pure PEBA membrane), and the separation factor reached a maximum value of 11.11 (increased by 37.6% compared with the pure PEBA membrane). Meanwhile, the effects of feed temperature on the pervaporation separation performance of PEBA/MoS2 hybrid membranes were also studied. In addition, as the PEBA/MoS2 hybrid membrane has excellent thermal stability, it is expected to be a promising material for recovering pyridine from wastewater.Here, we report the effect of the substrate, sonication process, and postannealing on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnO thin films grown in the presence of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) at temperature 30-65 °C by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method on both soda lime glass (SLG) and Cu foil. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the preferential growth thin films along (002) and (101) planes of the wurtzite ZnO structure when deposited on SLG and Cu foil substrates, respectively. Both XRD and Raman spectra confirmed the ZnO and Cu-oxide phases of the deposited films. The scanning electron microscopy image of the deposited films shows compact and uniformly distributed grains for samples grown without sonication while using IPA at temperatures 50 and 65 °C. The postannealing treatment improves the crystallinity of the films, further evident by XRD and transmission and reflection results. The estimated optical band gaps are in the range of 3.37-3.48 eV for the as-grown samples.